[Image: The shadow of the San Andreas Fault emerges near sunset at Wallace Creek; photo by BLDGBLOG].
All four long-term readers of BLDGBLOG will know that I am obsessed with the San Andreas Fault, teaching an entire class about it at Columbia and visiting it whenever possible as a hiking destination.
The San Andreas is often a naturally stunning landscape—particularly in places like Wallace Creek, Tomales Bay, or even the area near Devil’s Punchbowl—but the fault’s symbolism, as the grinding edge of two vast tectonic plates, where worlds slide past one another toward an unimaginable planetary future, adds a somewhat mystical element to each visit. It’s like hiking along a gap through which a new version of the world will emerge.
I was thus instantly fascinated several years ago when I read about something called the Walker Lane, a huge region of land stretching roughly the entire length of the Eastern Sierra, out near the California/Nevada border, which some geologists now believe is the actual future edge of the North American continent—not the San Andreas. It is an “incipient” continental margin, in the language of structural geology.
[Image: My own sketch of the Walker Lane, based on Google Maps imagery].
In fact, the Walker Lane idea suggests, the San Andreas is so dramatically torqued out of alignment at a place northwest of Los Angeles known as the “Big Bend” that the San Andreas might be doomed to go dormant over the course of several million years.
That’s good news for San Franciscans of the far future, but it means that a world-shattering amount of seismic strain will need to go somewhere, and that somewhere is a straight shot up the Eastern Sierra along the Walker Lane: a future mega-fault, like today’s San Andreas, that would stretch from the Gulf of California, up through the Mojave Desert, past Reno, and eventually back out again to the waters of the Pacific Ocean (most likely via southwest Oregon).
Much of this route, coincidentally, is followed closely by Route 395, which brings travelers past extinct volcanoes, over an active caldera, within a short drive of spectacular hot springs, and near the sites of several large earthquakes that have struck the region over the past 150 years.
That region—again, not the San Andreas—is where the true tectonic action is taking place, if the Walker Lane hypothesis is to be believed.
[Image: The gorgeous Hot Creek Geologic Site, along the Walker Lane; photo by BLDGBLOG].
In an absolute dream come true, I was able to turn this armchair obsession of mine into a new feature for Wired, and it went online this morning as part of their May 2019 issue.
For it, I spend some time out in the field with Nevada State Geologist James Faulds, a major proponent of the Walker Lane hypothesis. We visited a fault trench, we hiked along a growing rift southeast of Pyramid Lake, and we met several of his colleagues from the University of Nevada, Reno, including geodesist Bill Hammond and paleoseismologist Rich Koehler.
I also spoke with early advocates of the Walker Lane hypothesis, particularly Amos Nur and Tanya Atwater, both of whom have been suggesting, since at least the early 1990s, that something major might be in store for this under-studied region.
[Image: Coso Volcanic Field, near where the Eastern California Shear Zone meets the Walker Lane; photo by BLDGBLOG].
The Wired story is almost entirely focused on the science behind discovering the Walker Lane, from GPS geodesy to LiDAR, but there are also a few scattered thoughts on deep time and the vast imaginative horizon within which geologists operate. This comes mostly by way of Marcia Bjornerud’s new book Timefulness. There is also a brief look at indigenous seismic experience as allegedly recorded in Native American petroglyphs along the Walker Lane, via an interesting paper by Susan Hough.
But, on a more symbolic level, the Walker Lane totally captivates me, including how vertiginous and exciting it is to think about—let alone to hike along!—a new edge to the known world, a linear abyss emerging in the desert outside Los Angeles, slowly rifting north through hundreds of miles of dead volcanoes and disorganized fault lines, gradually pulling all of it together into one clear super-system, flooding with the waters of the Gulf of California, bringing a new version of the Earth’s surface into being in real-time.
In any case, check out the piece over at Wired if any of this sounds up your alley. The piece includes some great photos by Tabitha Soren.
Thanks for pointing to Bjornerud’s book Timefulness, it is excellent. You’re probably aware of John McPhee’s “Annals of the Former World.” Also excellent.
Shaun, I am. It’s one of my favorites.
Hello Geoff.
I read the Wired article. Thank you very much for it.
Today’s business news says that China may permit less extraction of rare earths and this might shift the market elsewhere, especially in the U S to the Mountain Pass Mine at Mountain Pass, CA.
1) Is it believed that there is a geological reason why rare earths are there?
2) Would mining have a particular impact on geology/safety?
Thank you,
Hey Pat – Thanks for reading the article. The rare earth minerals found at the Mountain Pass Mine are definitely there for geological reasons, but I would defer to a practicing geologist – or, at least, to a journalist who has covered the site – to explain why. Thanks again for reading the Wired piece!
After Mollycorp shed the mine during its bankruptcy a few years ago, it was bought up by a consortium of financial interests that include a Chinese firm (Shenghe Resources Holding Co.). A friend and I drove up to the gate of the long-dormant mine last year en route to Heizer’s Double Negative. We had a brief, comic interaction with two stone-faced guards – asking them a series of questions they refused to answer (“Do you offer tours?”, etc.) – before they flushed us from the property.
6.4 quake this morning in Mojave sure looks to be right on this “new” fault…
…and the thousands of aftershocks including the 7.1 yesterday.
I was fascinated with your faulty find! Since the Ridgeview quakes I have been looking at the USGS map and chased history and I came to the exact same conclusion as you have, one week ago. You beat me to it! I am feeling good knowing an expert agrees with something I figured out all by myself!
Thank you for a great story.
G. Fratus
I live in Reno and have Steve Wesnousky as a neighbor. We’re both geophysicists. He is an expert on Walker Lane. I loved the WIRED piece. Nice job explaining a relatively complex set of concepts.
I live in Ridgecrest. After the Landers quake, which hit us pretty hard, a map and a ruler showed the surface rupture heading our way. Our recent quakes here in Ridgecrest confirm my long standing theory regarding Baja Ca, the Salton Sea, Landers, Coso, and the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. I’m excited to find your story. It’s all kind of bittersweet. Also you realize that Barstow sits along the way. It hasn’t broken yet.
I agreed with your comment about Barstow. It lines right up between Landers and Ridgecrest. I wondered why it didn’t errupt yet. Well, today is January 24 ,2020. About a half hour ago, Barstow errupted with a 4.6!!! And the Walker lane fault continues!!!Lara
Love your articles. Would like to see more, possibly the one you mentioned about the fact that the Mendicino Triple Junction is moving north.(what does this mean?) Where could the rift fault errupt next? (Owens Valley?) And if the rift continues to split open how will this affect the Long Valley caldera or Coso Volcanic area? How does the Wasatch fault in Utah relate to all of this? That fault runs into the Yellowstone Super volcano!
I recently (May 2020) read your Wired article (May 2019) and was fascinated with it, since I grew up in California during the ’70s and I now live in NYC. Having heard about the recent earthquake in Nevada, I’d be interested in hearing your thoughts on if it reinforces Fauld’s beliefs. It would make for an interesting follow-up story, now that about a year has passed since the story was first published. Thanks for your time in advance.
I completely agree. There’s been earthquakes in Ridgecrest, Nevada, and Lone Pine in the past year, all in the Walker Lane zone.
Thanks for your information on Walker Lane and I experienced the Central Zone M6.0 in Lodi, CA in 2021. No formal education in seismology for my part, but I find it fascinating, reading and following the research.